Abstract

Recent research underscores the complex role of inflammation, which acts both as a defence mechanism against pathogens and a contributor to various neurological conditions. While necessary for protection, inflammation that is excessive or chronic may lead to or exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases. Although the central nervous system was once thought to be immune-privileged, it is now recognized that peripheral immune responses can activate microglia, triggering neuroinflammation. Understanding how these immune responses influence neuronal structure and function, and their consequences for neurological disorders, is of great importance. By employing advanced techniques to unravel neuro-immune interactions, we can uncover groundbreaking therapeutic potentials in natural metabolites like itaconate and mesaconate, which show promise in mitigating neuroinflammation and safeguarding essential neuronal functions. Additionally, the talk will explore the neurotropic properties of the influenza A virus and its differentiated impact on the sexes, delving into how sex-specific immune responses influence the trajectory of viral infections and their neurological outcomes. This understanding paves the way for personalized therapeutic strategies and for a better understaning of the risk factors leading to neurodegenerative diseases.